Spatial Analysis of Soil Erosion and its Correlation with Landslide Events: Case Study of Cipongkor, West Bandung District
Denny Lumban Raja, Adang Saputra & Johannes Anhorn
There is a high potential for landslide hazards in the study area of Cipongkor, West Bandung District, Indonesia. Landslide occur due to the combination of many factors and various triggering events, one of those factors is extensive soil erosion leading to lower slope stability. The objective of this study is to estimate annual soil loss and create a soil erosion potential map using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The four basic factors used in RUSLE are Rainfall Index (R), Soil Erodibility Index (K), Topography Index (LS), and Land Cover Index (CP)The data are obtained from various national and international sources, e.g. USGS (SRTM), BIG - Geospatial Information Agency of Indonesia (Landuse) and BMKG ? Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (annual rainfall). Index values were computed and represented as vector layers for further processing of RUSLE using a GIS environment. As a result the study area was categorized into five zones of soil erosion potential namely very high-, high-, moderate-, low-, and very low- soil erosion potential. The results showed that 45% (4115 ha) of the study area is facing very high soil erosion risk and 16% (1485 ha) has high soil erosion risk, while 14% (1243 ha) has moderate soil erosion risk. The area of low soil erosion risk is only 2% (168 ha) and very low soil erosion risk is 22% (2032 ha). The very high soil erosion risk zones are mainly located on the northwest, west, and southwest parts of the study area. High soil erosion potential is observed in combination with high LS values (up to 35%). This study also compares the soil erosion potential with the occurrence of landslides by using the landslide location areas from field survey data. The comparison shows that the area with high soil erosion potential have also higher risk of landslide occurrence. This research demonstrates that RS and GIS technologies are effective tools in modelling soil erosion potential and creating soil erosion potential maps, thus helping to implement soil conservation, landslide mitigation and watershed management measures in Cipongkor. Further researcher is necessary to characterize and understand the relationship between soil erosion potential and the occurrence of landslides in the study area.
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