LADM_CP_Colombia_A Tool for Land Administration in Post-Conflict Colombia
Andres Guarin, Lina Baron et al.
Colombia’s internal armed conflict has lasted more than 50 years and is the oldest in the western hemisphere. After four years of negotiations, Peace Agreement between the FARC and the Government of Colombia was signed on November 24, 2016. The consequences of the conflict have been severe, including forced displacements usually in rural areas, with 87% of the total of victims coming from those areas (Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica, 2015). Concerning the amount of abandoned or dispossessed land the most agreed upon estimation suggests that about 6.5 million hectares may have been affected by some displacement process (González, 2013). Main difficulties for making more accurate estimations stem from a structural problem regarding the country's land tenure information, which is provided by two indivitual systems; on the one hand the carthograpy-based cadaster and, on the other hand an immovable property registry (UNHCR ACNUR, 2012). The Colombian Government started addressing the problem by making a request to combine the two independent information systems, indicated in a recent national policy document (Departamento Nacional de Planeación, 2016). The document describes the need for a new integrated system, fed by both, Cadaster and Immovable Property Registry, based on principles of interoperability and legal independence. Moreover the system shall support a more reliable data management that also ensures accurate storage and collection of data. The Colombian profile of the Land Administration Data Model (LADM-COL) conceptualizes both, semantic interoperability and legal requirements in order to support a full integration between the existing Cadastral and Property Registry information complying with the ISO19152:2012 norm. The profile is the outcome of a team composed of specialists from several National Agencies supported by a project of the Swiss Cooperation and led by the National Geographic Institute Agustin Codazzi (IGAC) and the Notary and Register Superintendence (SNR). The LADM-COL defines the required set of principles to ensure, on one hand, a proper land administration as well as all post-conflict related processes like land tenure regularization and formalization or land restitution. The defined LADM-COL covers legal concerns about data quality, access restriction and role defined tasks. Thus, all agencies responsible for tracing and solving land tenure issues during the conflict will have a framework at their disposal that supports data management during post-conflict. Although the profile represents an important achievement for Colombia, at the same time it also represents new challenges and commitments for the involved institutions.
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